- GANTAD (Source)
- *Glass, Art Nouveau to Art Deco,
Victor Arwas, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, New
York, 1987
- A
Acid-Etching
- A simplified process for the making of cameo glass. A
vessel of two or more layers of cased glass has a design
drawn on it, then part covered with a protective varnish.
It is then immersed in hydrofluoric acid, which attacks
the exposed parts and forms the pattern. Prolonged
immersion deepens the design, while different parts of
the vessel may be worked on by changing the position of
the protective varnish. This technique creates the cameo
design and may be finished by simply polishing or
supplemented with wheel-carved details before the final
polish. It is also used to block out the basic design for a more
elaborate technique. GANTAD
- Annealing
- The process of making a vessel involves a variety of
procedures executed outside the kiln. The vessel at this
stage risks cracking from internal stress caused by the
uneven cooling of its various parts. Annealing involves
heating the finished vessel, thus allowing it to cool
slowly uniformly and safely. This process takes place in a lehr. GANTAD
- Appliqué
- External relief glass decoration applied to the body of a
vessel, such as trailed glass threads, blobs, pastilles, handles, etc. GANTAD
- Aventurine
- Glass in which oxidized metallic particles are suspended,
simulating aventurine quartz. The most common are gold aventurine,
which has a brilliant brown color, and is flecked with copper particles; and
green aventurine, where the color is produced with particles of chromium. GANTAD
- B
Batch
- The mixture of silica, potash and metallic oxides ready
to be put in the melting pot in the kiln, which when
fused with the cullet, will eventually vitrify and become
glass. Also known as Frit. GANTAD
- Berluze
- A freely blown vase, the baggy body smooth a’
soaped, leading to a tall, slender neck at least twice
the height of the body. The surface was either smooth or
granulated with acid, and was of a solid color or varied
with abstract splashes of color. They were made by Daum
Freres, and also by Muller Frères and other firms. Although some are quite small, many are impressively tall.
Groups of these are particularly decorative. GANTAD
- Blank
- A glass vessel completed, but not yet decorated. GANTAD
- Blow-Molded (or Mold-Blown)
- A vessel made by blowing the parson into a mold. Thus the
outer surface acquired a three-dimensional decor, further
enhanced by the judicious use of color in the parison. The vase could then be finished with some carving, or
acid-etching, then polishing. GANTAD
- Bombé
- A French word meaning convex or bulging. GANTAD
- Borax
- A crystalline salt used in making certain types of glass. A certain amount is often added to the Batch to
strengthen the glass. Pyrex, the heat-resistant oven-glass
developed by the Corning Glass Works, and manufactured under its license
worldwide, is made with borax. GANTAD
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- C
Cabochon
- A convex blob of glass applied to the side of the vessel
for decoration. Sometimes made of colored glass
cabochons are frequently found in clear glass carefully
sited over a piece of metallic foil which appears to give
it color. The term was originally used for unfacetted gemstones of
such a shape. GANTAD
- Cameo Glass
- Vessels of two or more cased layers of glass in which the outer layer
(or layers) are carved or etched so as to leave a design in shallow relief
in which various parts of differing thickness appear in the colors of the
various layers. GANTAD
- Cased Glass
- Vessels made of two or more layers of glass of different color. GANTAD
- Cathedral Glass
- Glass sheets for manufacturing leaded glass windows and
mosaics. Louis Comfort Tiffany maintained at least one
cathedral glass shop in his glass-works, in which a
dazzling variety of colors, textures and degrees of
translucency was developed. In 1897 Cecilia Waern reported in The
Studio that Tiffany maintained an available stock of 200 to 300 tons of
cathedral glass. GANTAD
- Chine
- Variegated, speckled or figured glass. GANTAD
- Cire Perdue
- The French for ‘Lost Wax'. This is a process in which
a model is carved in wax then has a mold built up around
it. When this is heated, the wax melts and runs out
through small holes in the base of the mold, which is
thus left with the exact contours of the original wax
model. The mold can then be filled with molten glass or
bronze which, on cooling, appears as an exact replica of
its original model. Some molds are re-usable, others are
destroyed when opened. René Lalique used this technique
for his early glass. and Frederick Carder used it from 1933. GANTAD
- Cloisonné
- An enameling process in which ‘cloisons’, thin metal partitions are
shaped to the required pattern and enclose the enamel. GANTAD
- Cobalt Oxide
- A metallic oxide used to color glass, producing a very wide range of
blues, from pale shades to rich, dark ones. GANTAD
- Combed Decoration
- A surface pattern produced by applying colored glass
threads to the parison, then rolling it on the marver
until the threads are on the same level as the surface of
the Parison. Using steel claws, the colored glass threads are then
dragged upwards and downwards to produce a variety of decorative effects,
including festoons and feathers. GANTAD
- Crown Glass
- Glass panes made by blowing a glass bubble, attaching it
to a rod which is rotated after the bubble is cut so that
it spreads and flattens into a disc. After annealing, it
looks like a wide disc with a central raised boss from
which the rod has been detached. The disc is then cut to
the required shapes, the glass itself having a slightly wavy appearance. GANTAD
- Cullet
- The starting point of the Batch. It consists of smashed
glass and includes vessels which have gone wrong in the
making, accidentally damaged glass, otherwise unwanted
glass, and remnants discarded in the course of making a
vessel. These are all smashed together, the ingredients required
for the new glass are added, and the whole lot is melted together. GANTAD
More here
- D
Diamond Point
- An engraving technique in which the surface of the glass
vessel is scratched with a diamond point, the diamond
being an extremely hard substance capable of being
faceted to sharp edges. This technique, requiring expert
skill and patience, was largely superseded in the second half of the
nineteenth century by the use of wheel-carving. GANTAD
- Diaphanous
- A pellucid, limpid glass which allows light to penetrate, while not
being actually transparent. GANTAD
- Diatreta
- A vessel in which the main body is connected at rim and
foot with an outer decorative layer, generally molded in
openwork, it was originally cast by the Romans as a
single entity. Tiffany and Frederick Carder at Steuben
executed Diatreta vases in which the outer layer was fused to the body
with glass struts. GANTAD
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- E
Electrolier
- A bracket or fitment, often elaborate, designed to support an electric
lamp. GANTAD
- Emaux-Bijoux
- Translucent enamels placed layer upon layer on a thin
metallic base fused to the body of the vessel. These were
developed by Emile Gallé to reproduce such things as a
dragonfly’s bulbous eyes, or gemstones like opals. GANTAD
- Entrelacs
- Interlaced ribbons derived from Celtic decoration as
exemplified in The Book Of KeIls. GANTAD
- Etude
- The term used by Gallé to describe vases which cracked,
or were otherwise damaged during production, but which
were of sufficient interest and importance to warrant
their survival and sale. The word Etude’ is normally
inscribed next to the Gallé signature, and in similar
lettering. Damaged vessels not considered worth keeping as Etudes
were smashed and added to the cullet. GANTAD
- F
Faience
- A general term for earthenware. GANTAD
- Favrile
- The Trade Mark registered by Louis Comfort Tiffany in
1894, it refers not only to the iridescent glass he
manufactured, but also to his other creations, including
ceramics, lamps and leaded glass windows. It is derived
from ‘fabrile’, an Old English word indicating the product of a
craftsman. GANTAD [For a while this page
had 'febrile' probably a scanning error; as 'fabrile' is
correct to definition in OEB. MF]
- Feldspar
- A variety of minerals found in igneous rocks. They
consist mostly of silicates of aluminum combined with
some other minerals, so they vary in their chemical
composition, crystalline form and color. GANTAD
- Finial
- The decorative terminal point of an object, particularly the lid, or
cover and can be used as a handle. GANTAD
- Fire-Polishing
- A technique for giving a vessel a smooth, highly polished
surface. Once manufactured. the vessel might well have a
rough surface on emerging from a mold, or a sharp outline
as a result of acid-etching. Reheating the vessel at the glory
hole softened all edges and gave it its characteristic shiny look, which was
enhanced by further polishing on the wheel. GANTAD
- Flint Glass
- An old term for glass containing lead, dating from a
period when calcined or ground flint was used as the
source for silica in glass manufacture, the modern term is lead
crystal’. GANTAD
- Fluogravure
- A technique devised by the Muller Family. This consists
of enameling a single or two layered vessel with rich
colors, partly in random patterns, then acid-etching the
vitrified enameled surface into night scenes with owls
and bats, bucolic scenes involving shepherdesses, flocks
of sheep or packs of dogs, or various landscapes. The often
iridescent effects of the opaque enameling contrast with transparent or
translucently enameled portions of the vessel. Fluogravure vessels were designed in their
own works at Lundville and a number were designed by Désiré and Henri
Muller for Val Saint-Lambert. GANTAD
- Fluorspar
- A common name for calcium fluoride, this is a transparent, brittle
mineral which occurs in many different colors. GANTAD
- Foil
- Very thin sheets of various metals, particularly silver
and platinum. Small pieces trapped between two layers of
glass form an opaque section when seen through either
side, preventing light from going through it. Shredded
foil suspended between the layers looks like an opaque
bubble. Placed underneath a transparent glass cabochon,
it lends it color. Silver foil may be tarnished before trapping
between the layers to give it a different color. GANTAD
- Free-Formed Glass
- Glass shaped entirely by the glass-blowers art and hand
processes as opposed to glass blown into a mold or press-molded. Free-forming enabled the creator to produce unusual,
curious, asymmetric shapes, particularly successful for Tiffany. Daum initiated the free-form Berluze
shape. GANTAD
- Frit
- The mixture of silica, potash and metallic oxides heated
in a calcar or fritting furnace at a temperature low
enough for the mixture to calcine but not fuse, which is
then added to the cullet in a clay pot in the working
furnace and which will eventually vitrify into glass. It is also
called the patch. GANTAD
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- G
Guilloché
- A decoration consisting of interlaced bands enclosing
circular spaces at regular intervals. In glass this is
usually accomplished by trailing glass chains on the
surface of the vessel, GANTAD
- H
Hydrofluoric Acid
- A very powerful and corrosive acid which attacks
porcelain and glass. Designs may be etched on a glass
vessel by drawing the patterns on the surface, marking
those areas to remain intact, then immersing the vessel
in a bath of hydrofluoric acid. This attacks the exposed
surfaces to a depth depending on the time the vessel is
immersed. Etched areas may then be protected and other
parts of the vessel exposed to the acid to complete the
design. If the vessel is of two or more layers, me
etching produces a cameo design. Different surface
effects may be achieved with the use of hydrofluoric acid
in conjunction with other agents. Thus acid mixed with
ammonia gives a frosted effect, mixed with sulfuric acid
it polishes crystal, and pure acid polishes the surface to a high gloss. GANTAD
- I
Intaglio
- Carving, etching or engraving into the surface of the
glass. The hollowed out sections are sometimes contrasted
with the polished outer surface of the vessel by treating
them so they are mart. In a clear glass vessel an
intaglio design, seen through the solid side, appears rounded and three
dimensional, the shallowest section appearing to be the thickest. GANTAD
- Intercalary Decoration
- Decoration trapped between two layers of glass. GANTAD
- Iridescent Glass
- Glass whose surface reflects different colors according
to the light playing on it. This phenomenon occurs
naturally in glass which has been buried for a long time,
such as Middle Eastern and Roman glass. In the nineteenth
century attempts to reproduce these effects were first
produced by J. & L. Lobmeyr, then by Thomas Webb
& Sons, but it was not until L. C. Tiffany produced
his Favrile glass and J. Loetz-Witwe produced its
variations on me theme that iridescent glass became truly
popular. Many American and Bohemian firms produced their
own iridescent glass, as did firms in Germany and France. Some iridescent glass was produced by various
techniques, generally involving covering the surface of
the vessel with metallic oxides either as a solid wash or
in patterned design, then reducing this by heating in
conjunction with carbon monoxide fumes. Metallic oxides
used included gold, which produced a ruby lustre; silver,
which produced a yellow lustre; and platinum, which gave
silvery reflections. Copper and bismuth were also used. In addition to Tiffany and Loetz. Steuben's Aurene,
Fenton, Fostoria Iris glass, Lustre Art, Quezal, Union’s
Kew BIas, and Vineland Flint glass designed by Victor
Durand were all iridescent glass produced in the United
States, while European lustre glass was produced by such
firms and individuals as Caranza, Copillet, Maximilian Boudnik, Schneckendorf, Palline-Konig, WMF, Pantin
and even Gallé produced glass with some iridescence. GANTAD
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- J K L
Lace-de-Bohème Glass
- A cheap imitation of cameo glass, produced in Bohemia in the 1880s, in
which the decoration is enameled in white on the surface of a colored glass
or satin surface. GANTAD
- Lampwork
- The fashioning of glassware from glass rods and tubes
heated, softened and shaped with hand tools, originally
in the flame of an oil lamp, later using a Bunsen burner. The technique has been used extensively in Venetian glass, as well as in notable glass designed by Karl Koepping and
Friedrich Zitzmann in the Art Nouveau style. GANTAD
- Latticino
- Clear glass vessels in which white glass threads are embedded, normally
in a spiral. GANTAD
- Lattimo
- Opaque white glass, or clear glass in which bands of white glass are
embedded. GANTAD
- Lead Crystal
- Glass containing a percentage of lead oxide. The higher
the lead oxide content, the purer the metal. When cut by
faceting, it scatters light with a brilliance that has
led to such vessels being called bowls of fire. The European
Economic Community currently imposes a minimum content of 24% lead oxide,
and full lead crystal must contain 30% lead oxide. GANTAD
- Lehr
- The annealing kiln. Built as a long steel tunnel lined
with bricks, finished glass vessels are gradually
reheated, then allowed to cool slowly over a period of
many hours and, in some cases, several days. One end of
the tunnel was hot, the other cool, and the temperature
went down along it, so the annealing vessels were pulled
along the lengths of the lehr. Modern Lehrs have mechanical
conveyer belts, and are automatically heated, cooled and controlled. GANTAD
- Lime Glass
- A type of glass developed by William Leighton in 1864 at
the Wheeling Glass Company of Wheeling, West Virginia. It was a
cheaper substitute for lead glass. GANTAD
- M
Malfin Glass
- The frit and cullet are mixed in a clay hot in the
working furnace, and the viscous mass needs to be stirred
until fully refined, at which point it may be gathered
and worked on. If allowed to mix without stirring, it
eventually vitrifies as a bubbled, rough looking glass
called Malfin glass. Jean Sala and his father Bienvenu
deliberately chose to work with malfin glass. GANTAD
- Marquetry
- A technique devised by Emile Galle and patented by him in
April 1898. It consists of inserting cut pieces of hot,
colored glass into the parison, then ensuring they were
embedded in the surface by rolling on the marver. Once
annealed, the vessel could be further decorated by
carving. Some marquetry insets are left uncarved, and form
abstract, sometimes Symbolist images. GANTAD
- Marver
- Derived from the French word for marble, ‘marbre’,
this is a marble or iron flat surface on which a parison
may be rolled to smooth it. Various additives may be
laced on the marver, and these are picked up by the
parison, and embedded in at. GANTAD
- Mary Gregory Glass
- A Victorian ware, basically a cheap imitation of cameo
glass, an which clear or colored vases are painted with a
subject, generally a boy or girl in elaborate period clothes, in white
or tinted enamel, Most of it was made in Bohemia for export to Britain and
the United States. GANTAD
- Metal
- Term used to describe glass. GANTAD
- Mica
- A group of silicates which can be cleaved perfectly to
produce thin, tough, shining plates which were used
before glass became generally and cheaply available. Glass is
sometimes treated to imitate the look of mica. GANTAD
- Millefiore
- Colored glass canes are grouped together, then sliced
thinly and embedded in the surface of a glass vessel. The
result looks like a cross between a colorful flower and a
mechanical gear. The word is Italian for ‘a thousand
flowers’. Frequently used in Venetian glass and
paper-weights, it has also been used by Tiffany and Steuben. GANTAD
- N
Natron
- Sodium carbonate, used as a constituent of some early glass. GANTAD
- O
Opalescent Glass
- A translucent glass in which a brownish core is
surrounded by bluish glass opacified by bone ash and
arsenic, after which it is usually molded into a plate, vase, bowl or
figurine. As the light on the vessel changes in intensity and goes
from reflected to transmitted light, the object changes constantly in color
from browns to blues. The thick parts are darkest, the thinnest
virtually colorless, It has been produced by René Lalique, Sabino, Etling, Jobling, Verlys,
etc. GANTAD
- Opaline Glass
- Originally translucent white glass, the term was applied
by the Baccarat factory to its own production. By
extension it has come to mean the whole range of colored,
partly translucent glass made at Baccarat. St. Louis and Choasi-Le-Roi, and later at the Boston and Sandwich Glass
Co.. in the United States. GANTAD
- Overlay Glass
- The overlay is the outer layer of a cased glass vessel. The cased
vessel may then be covered in cameo carving. GANTAD
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- P
Padded Glass
- The addition to the parison of some glass of a different
color. When annealed, this can be cameo-carved or etched, and is
as effective as a two-layered vase ‘without the problems inherent in blowing
one vessel into another and without the need to remove vast areas of the
outer layer to fit in with the required design. GANTAD
- Parison
- The gather of molten glass taken from the kiln on a blow-pipe and blown
into its initial globular shape. GANTAD
- Pate d’email
- A form of pâte-de-verre, an which various borates and
silicates are mixed and pulverized. The paste vitrifies
at a low temperature, combining with various metallic
oxides which provide color. The result looks somewhat
like unglazed porcelain, and is very fragile. It was made
by Albert Dainmouse and François Décorcnement. GANTAD
Discussion
- Pâte-de-Cristal
- A form of pâte-de-verre ‘which has a translucent, crystalline aspect. GANTAD
Discussion
- Pâte-de-Verre
- Finely crushed glass, mixed with a binding agent (sometimes
water) to make a malleable paste, and metallic oxides for
color, modeled like clay, then placed into a refractory
mold and heated just enough to vitrify the paste without
having its constituent colored sections run together. It normally
needed a very long annealing time. Pãte-de-verre may be heavy or
light, opaque or translucent, matte or crystalline, depending on its
components and time in the furnace. Modern Pâte-de-verre was first made by Henri Cros. It was also made by Despret, Jean Cros, Dammouse, Brateau, Décorchennont, Alméric Walter, Daum, Argy-Rousseau, Rangel d'Illzach, Frederick Carder and the Société du
Chryso-cérame. GANTAD
Discussion
- Patination
- A word from the language of bronzes adopted by some
glassmakers. Gallé patented a technique he called patination an April 1898. It consisted of producing a
textured mart surface through extreme heating until the
vessel partly devitrified, or by the action of various
organic or mineral impurities. René Lalique used the word
‘patination to describe the process of applying colored washes to the
surface of certain of his vases. GANTAD
- Paysages de Verre
- Literally, glass landscapes. The term refers to vessels
decorated an cameo with landscapes, seascapes, townscapes, etc. They were so named by Emile Gallé, but other
glasshouses, such as Delatte, d’Argental (St. Lou’s), Val Saant-Lambert etc. later also executed such vessels GANTAD
- Peking Cameo Glass
- Glass ware made an Peking from the late nineteenth century including a
number of vases and snuff bottles decorated with cameo-cut patterns. GANTAD
- Plique-à-Jour
- A type of transparent enameling used extensively in Art
Nouveau jewelry and some other objects. It is ornate,
rather like cloisonné enameling, being enclosed in
shaped metal partitions, but it differs in having the
enamel powders placed on a disposable surface which
disappears, or is removed once the powders have vitrified. Plique-a-jour
enamel is at its best when light streams through it. GANTAD
- Pontil
- An iron rod, also called a punty, to which is attached
the partially shaped parison. A small blob of the gather
is picked up by the tip of the pontil and the parison
attached to this at the opposite end to that which is
attached to the blow pipe which is then detached. Shaping
continues by the use of various hand tools; handles,
appliqués, etc. are put on, and the vessel readied for
annealing. Removing of the pontil leaves a rough shear
mark in the center of the base. Some firms, such as
Tiffany, frequently leave the pontil mark in its rough
state. Others, like Loetz, invariably polish them to a
concave disc shape. The pontil mark was eliminated by
some firms by either blowing the base into a mold, or by using a
variation of the pontil such as a gadget which had pincers to grip the base
rather than be attached to the center. GANTAD
- Potassium Carbonate
- also known as potash, this is an alternative alkaline ingredient for
making glass replacing soda. GANTAD
- Press-Molded Glass
- This is glass made by pouring melted glass into a metal mold, then
pressing it in by the use of a lid. The outer surface of the resultant glass
object is the exact shape of the interior of the press-mold, and is
generally solid throughout, unlike a mold-blown vessel, which is blown
into a mold, and thus has a hollow interior. Press-molding
is particularly suitable for figurines and DO~Vls, light
fittings, etc. which have relief decoration on them.
Blow-molding is particularly suitable for vases or other hollow items. GANTAD
- Prunt
- A small blob of glass which sticks out of the main .body
of the vessel. It may be applied to the surface, or
shaped by pulling it from the surface while still
malleable. Punts are often used for decorative purposes,
and may be of various sizes and shapes, round or pointed
and may be positioned randomly or in precise patterns. They are
sometimes useful in affording a firm grip on a vessel without handles. GANTAD
- Punty
- Another name for pontil. GANTAD
- Pyrogravure
- Sometimes known as poker-work, this consists of making designs in wood,
leather and other such materials by fire, which chars the pattern. GANTAD
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- Q R
Refractory Mold
- A mold made of a material that does not crack, break or
change shape in the extremely high temperature of the
kiln. These molds have been made of fireclay, carved
stone, and metal for various purposes, and may be made in
one part (which means they must be broken to extract the
contents) or in, two hinged parts which makes them re-usable. More complex shapes may involve molds made an three,
four, or more parts. Molten glass is poured into the molds, and
the molds are then subjected to heat sufficient to vitrify the molten glass. GANTAD
- Reticulated Glass
- Glass which has been blown into a metal armature which
has apertures through which the glass may bulge out. Tiffany used the technique, while Daum executed a number
of vases and bowls blown into wrought armatures by
Majorelle, a design that was copied by several other
firms, including dAvesn and Muller, with the metal part made by a
variety of firms, including that of Edgar Brandt. GANTAD
- S
Sandblasting
- A method of decorating glass by masking parts of the
surface, then attacking the exposed parts with jets of
grains of sand at high velocity. Special machines can
vary the intensity, and different sizes of sand may be
used. Sandblasting can produce shallow cutting as well as very
deep cutting into the surface, and the hollowed out sections may be
polished, or rendered matte with acid or acid fumes. GANTAD
- Satin Glass
- Glass which has been given a frosted, satin finish by the use of
hydrofluoric acid or acid fumes. GANTAD
- Silica
- A hard, crystalline substance which is an essential
ingredient in the manufacture of glass. It occurs in
nature in such mineral forms as sand, flint, quartz, etc. GANTAD
- Soda Glass
- Glass made with soda, rather than potash, as alkali. It
is fairly light in weight and easy to handle. Much Venetian glass
is made with soda. GANTAD
- Soli-Fleur Vases
- Vases with long slender necks, suitable for displaying a single flower. GANTAD
- Stannous Chloride
- Chloride of tin. GANTAD
- Stoneware
- Pottery made from clay and flint or a hard siliceous clay. GANTAD
- T
Tazza
- An Italian word describing a stemmed cup with a wide, shallow bowl. GANTAD
- Template
- A pattern, made of wood or metal, which can be used to transfer serial
designs onto glass blanks. GANTAD
- Tessera
- (Plural Tesserae) A small segment of glass, ceramic,
marble, earthenware, etc. which is joined by others to produce a
mosaic. GANTAD
- Threading
- The process of applying glass threads to the parison. When the
glass threads are not embedded in the body of the vessel, they are said to
be trailed over the surface. GANTAD
- Turtle Back
- A type of glass tile manufactured by L.C. Tiffany in
translucent iridescent glass. Made in various colors and sizes,
these tiles were often used in decorative friezes in both shades and bases
in some leaded-light lamps. GANTAD
- U
Uranium-Oxide
- A metallic oxide used in the manufacture of glass to produce yellow and
greenish colors. GANTAD
- V
Verre Double
- (Triple etc.). The terms used by Gallé to indicate cased
glass, that is glass having two (or more) layers which could then be
carved or etched in cameo. GANTAD
- Verre Eglomise
- The process by which a design in silver, gold or
enameling was trapped between two layers of glass. The
term has been used loosely and inaccurately to describe
certain types of pâte-de-verre. GANTAD
- Vetro di Trina
- A term loosely used to refer to glass with filigree decoration. GANTAD
- Vitrification
- The process by which certain substances, basically silica
and an alkali, fuse together at the appropriate temperature to become
glass. GANTAD
- W
Wheel-Carving
- The process of decorating the surface of the glass vessel
by grinding on a lathe, or wheel, with a variety of metal
discs of various sizes. The vessel is held up to the
underside of the rotating wheel in conjunction with an
abrasive. Great skill is needed. Wheels of cork, wood and
leather are substituted to polish the vessel. GANTAD
- X Y Z
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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